ST BERNARD

Cardiovascular conditions

Dilated cardiomyopathy

• Prevalence of 2.6% in this breed compared to 0.16% in mixed breeds and 0.65% in pure breeds
• Thought to be familial or genetic

Dermatological conditions

Pyotraumatic folliculitis

• Also known as hot spot, wet eczema

Ehler-Danlos syndrome

• Also known as cutaneous asthenia

Callus dermatitis/pyoderma

Intertrigo

• This breed predisposed to lip fold pyoderma

Gastrointestinal conditions

Gastric dilatation-volvulus

• Breed predisposition

Haematological conditions

Haemophilia B

• Factor IX deficiency
• Also known as Christmas disease

Musculoskeletal conditions

Increased anteversion of the femoral head and neck

• Conformational abnormality
• Component of hip dysplasia

Elbow dysplasia

• Also known as osteochondrosis
• Genetically determined in this breed

Hip dysplasia

• Seventh worst mean-scoring breed in the BVA/KC Hip Dysplasia Scheme as of October 2001

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture

• Neutered individuals may be predisposed
• Young animals may be predisposed in this breed

Osteosarcoma

• Reported to be familial in this breed

Lateral patellar luxation

• Also known as genu valgum

Neoplastic conditions

Non-epitheliotropic lymphoma

Lymphosarcoma (malignant lymphoma)

• Higher incidence noted in this breed

Primary bone tumours (most commonly osteosarcoma)

• Breed predisposition

Neurological conditions

• Congenital deafness

True epilepsy

• Inheritance suspected

Narcolepsy-cataplexy

• Reported in this breed

Distal polyneuropathy

• Reported in this breed

Ocular conditions

Dermoid

• Breed predisposition

Entropion (usually lower lids; may be associated with macropalpebral fissure)

• Breed predisposition

Ectropion (may be associated with macropalpebral fissure)

• Breed predisposition

Macropalpebral fissure resulting in combined entropion-ectropion (‘diamond eye’)

• Breed predisposition

Eversion of the cartilage of the nictitating membrane

• Breed predisposition

Prolapse of the gland of the nictitatingmembrane

• Breed predisposition

Cataract

• Inheritance suspected

Optic nerve hypoplasia

• Congenital defect; not known if inherited

Multiple ocular defects

• Congenital condition

Physiological conditions

Additional process on the medial aspect ofthe central tarsal bone

Lateral tarsal torsion and tarsal valgus deformity

• Cosmetic fault

Reproductive conditions

Vaginal hyperplasia

• Possible breed predisposition