BULLDOG (ENGLISH)

• Ventricular septal defect – high risk in this breed
• Tetralogy of Fallot
• Aortic stenosis – high risk in this breed
• Pulmonic stenosis
• Muzzle folliculitis and furunculosis
• Pododermatitis
• Generalised demodicosis
• Hyperoestrogenism
• Canine follicular dysplasia –  A marked predilection in this breed implies a genetic basis for this group of diseases
• Seasonal flank alopecia
• Intertrigo – probably occurs due to intentional breeding for excessive skin folding
• Hypothyroidism
• Cleft palate
• Ununited anconeal process
• Congenital elbow luxation
• Hemivertebrae
• Sacrocaudal dysgenesis
• Brachyury
• Hip dysplasia
• Mast cell tumours
• Primary brain tumour
• Lymphosarcoma (malignant lymphoma)
• Congenital deafness
• Hydrocephalus
• Hemivertebrae
• Spina bifida (and myelodysplasia)
• Sacrocaudal dysgenesis
• Stenosis of the vertebral canal
• Primary brain tumour
• Entropion (usually lower lid)
• Macropalpebral fissure resulting in combined entropion–ectropion (‘diamond eye’)
• Distichiasis
• Trichiasis
• Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
• Prolapse of the gland of the nictitating membrane
• Refractory corneal ulceration
• Multifocal retinal dysplasia
• Achondroplasia – accepted as a breed standard
• Ectopic ureters
• Urethrorectal fistula
• Urethral prolapse
• Cystine urolithiasis
• Urate urolithiasis
• Dystocia
• Vaginal hyperplasia
• Cryptorchidism
• Urethral prolapse
• Hypoplastic trachea –  this breed accounts for 55% of reported cases
• Brachycephalic upper airway syndrome  – Common in this breed and most probably due to selective breeding for certain facial characteristics